Common Integrated TCM–Western Treatment Approaches for Colorectal Cancer

I. Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer includes colon cancer and rectal cancer. Its incidence and mortality show a clear upward trend, especially in developed countries, and increasingly in China's more developed cities. It is a typical cancer associated with nutritional excess and lifestyle. Worldwide, as many as 500,000 people die of colorectal cancer each year, and it already ranks third among cancer causes of death.

Research over the past two decades has gradually yielded new understanding of the pathogenic factors of colorectal cancer. About 1%–5% of colorectal tumors belong to autosomal dominant hereditary diseases, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis. In addition, many environmental factors—diet, lifestyle, body weight, and hormones—are closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Most colorectal cancers develop from benign precancerous lesions (such as adenomas); complete removal of these precancerous lesions can prevent the cancer from arising. People who are markedly obese, eat a high-fat diet, lack exercise, and smoke are prone to colorectal cancer.

It is generally believed that a high-fat diet and insufficient dietary fiber are the main causes. High-fat, high-protein food stimulates bile secretion; intestinal anaerobic bacteria are abundant and can decompose bile acids into unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbons, which are carcinogenic. Moreover, such diets are low in fiber, so stool remains in the large intestine for a long time, the concentration of carcinogens is high, and the chance of developing colorectal cancer is greater. Modern research has shown that excessive intake of fried and grilled food is also a cause of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer has a marked hereditary component; in about 20%–30% of patients, genetic factors may play an important role. Family members of colorectal cancer patients have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.

In addition, colorectal polyps can undergo malignant transformation into colorectal cancer. People with chronic intestinal inflammation lasting more than ten years have a risk several times that of the general population of developing colorectal cancer. Therefore, patients with enteritis must pay attention to early examination.

If colorectal cancer is detected early, it can be cured by surgery; if detected late, a cure is difficult to achieve.

II. Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer:

1. Changes in bowel habits and stool shape: often prominent bloody stool, or dysentery-like purulent-bloody stool with tenesmus; sometimes refractory constipation with thinned stool caliber.
2. Hematochezia: ulceration of the tumor causes bleeding, dark red or bright red, usually small in amount and intermittent. When the tumor is located high, blood mixes with stool to give a jam-like stool.
3. Abdominal pain: more common in right-sided colorectal cancer, presenting as dull right-sided pain, sometimes involving the right upper or mid-upper abdomen.
4. Abdominal mass: common in right colon cancer; initially movable, later fixed once surrounding tissues are invaded.
5. Rectal mass.
6. Systemic status: anemia and low fever may occur, more often in right-sided colorectal cancer; advanced patients show progressive emaciation, cachexia, and ascites.

1. Fecal occult blood test: if positive, distinguish between upper gastrointestinal bleeding and large-intestinal bleeding.

2. Colonoscopy: fiberoptic colonoscopy can reach the ileocecal region and examine the ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and hepatic and splenic flexures; it allows direct visualization of tumor morphology, size, and extent, and biopsy for histopathology. It is the most commonly used and most accurate method for confirming colorectal cancer.

3. X-ray barium enema: barium with air contrast radiography shows the location and morphology of lesions and distinguishes polypoid, ulcerative, or infiltrating types, aiding diagnosis.

4. CT: shows changes in the intestinal wall at the lesion, the size and morphology of the mass, mesenteric lymph-node metastasis, invasion of surrounding organs and tissues, and whether there is hepatic, abdominal, or pelvic metastasis; it can guide surgery.

5. Digital rectal examination: a traditional method for rectal cancer, simple and direct; the physician can palpate the size of the mass, the degree of bowel-wall infiltration, and the presence of pus or blood.

6. Tumor markers: the commonly used one is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); the normal CEA value is <5 ng/ml, and serum CEA is often elevated in colorectal cancer patients. CA19-9 is also frequently elevated; its normal value is below 35 U/ml and generally falls to normal after surgery. Tumor markers are also used as indicators of chemotherapy effect and of follow-up for recurrence or metastasis.

III. Staging of Colorectal Cancer

(1) TNM staging

Tis: carcinoma in situ.

T1: tumor invades mucosa and submucosa.

T2: tumor invades the muscularis propria.

T3: tumor penetrates the subserosa, or—when the primary lesion is in a colon or rectum lacking a serosal layer—extends into pericolonic or perirectal tissue.

T4: tumor penetrates the visceral peritoneum or invades adjacent organs.

N0: no lymph-node metastasis.

N1: metastasis in 1–3 lymph nodes.

N2: metastasis in 4 or more lymph nodes.

N3: metastasis in lymph nodes distributed along major vascular trunks.

M0: no distant metastasis.

M1: distant metastasis present.

(2) Clinical staging (Dukes staging)

Stage 0: TisN0M0.

Stage I: T1N0M0, T2N0M0.

Stage II: T3–4N0M0.

Stage III: T1–4N1–3M0.

Stage IV: any TNM1.

TCM pattern differentiation of colorectal cancer:

1. Spleen deficiency with damp-heat: commonly poor appetite, abdominal distension, sallow complexion, shortness of breath and fatigue, loose stool or tenesmus; yellow greasy tongue coating; fine rapid or deep fine slippery pulse.

2. Damp-heat with stasis-toxin: abdominal pain worse on pressure, abdominal mass, purulent-bloody mucous stool, or tenesmus and loose stool; dark red tongue or petechiae, thin yellow coating, wiry rapid pulse.

3. Spleen-kidney yang deficiency with cold: chronic diarrhea and dysentery, emaciated body, pale complexion, somnolence and lassitude, abdominal pain relieved by warmth, aversion to cold and cold limbs; pale lusterless tongue coating; deep fine pulse with weak chi-cun.

Integrated TCM–Western treatment plan for colorectal cancer

At present, colorectal cancer is still treated mainly with surgery, chemotherapy, and herbal medicine. After early surgical resection, long-term TCM conditioning may make chemotherapy unnecessary. In middle and late stages, surgery should be followed by herbal medicine together with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy, to maximize survival, reduce recurrence, and improve quality of life.

The comprehensive treatment plan for each stage is roughly as follows:

1. Stage 0 and I colorectal cancer: surgery alone, followed by long-term TCM conditioning; radiotherapy and chemotherapy are generally unnecessary. If the lesion is confined to the mucosa, the five-year survival after radical surgery approaches 80%.

2. Stages II and III: radical surgery together with herbal medicine, supplemented by preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy shrinks the tumor, reduces or eliminates lymph-node metastases, reduces cancerous adhesions, lowers tumor-cell viability, and closes off vessels. This is especially suitable for stage II and III rectal cancer patients, improving the resection rate and reducing recurrence.

3. Stage IV patients are treated mainly with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and herbal medicine. If the primary and metastatic lesions are resectable, palliative surgery may be considered followed by chemoradiotherapy and herbal medicine. However, if the patient is elderly and frail, pure TCM treatment may also be chosen. The author once saw an elderly intestinal-cancer patient treated by the late physician Kong Sibo who, on pure herbal medicine alone, survived six years and died at age 79.

For colorectal cancer detected early, pure TCM treatment is not recommended; the risk is too great.

The following focuses on the TCM treatment of colorectal cancer.

TCM treatment of colorectal cancer has two key points: first, distinguish the patient's pattern; second, use anticancer herbal medicines with definite efficacy against colorectal cancer.

In TCM literature, colorectal cancer falls under the categories of intestinal mass (chang xun), accumulation (ji ju), spleen accumulation (pi ji), organ toxin (zang du), abdominal concrete/abstract gatherings (zheng jia), anal-lock hemorrhoids (suo gang zhi), intestinal wind (chang feng), and intestinal pi (chang pi). Ancient TCM recognized intestinal cancer very early; the Zhubing Yuanhou Lun already recorded: 'Diagnosing spleen accumulation: the pulse is floating, large, and long; there are nodular accumulations like peach and plum; abdominal fullness, vomiting and diarrhea, bowel sounds, heavy limbs, swollen and cold lower legs and feet, inability to lie down; Qingyin Yin (Intestine-Clearing Drink) governs it.'

In the Song dynasty, Dou Hanqing's Chuangyang Jingyan recorded of intestinal cancer: 'Mostly from irregular diet, drunkenness and satiety at all hours, indulging in fatty and rich food ... indulging in wine and sex, avoiding neither severe cold nor intense heat, or sitting long on damp ground, indulging in inertia, not moving the bowels for long, until yin and yang are disharmonious, the orifices are blocked, wind-heat rushes downward, and the five hemorrhoids arise.'

The large intestine is one of the six fu-organs in TCM; the fu-organs govern conduction and should be free. If a fu-organ 'stores without discharging,' toxins accumulate in the body and over time form organ toxin. Therefore, treatment of large-intestinal disease focuses on unblocking and conducting stagnation; patients with large-intestinal disease should also attend to keeping the bowels open. The TCM understanding of colorectal cancer is consistent with modern medicine's pathological analysis. Most colorectal cancer patients have unhealthy lifestyles—especially urban dwellers who eat much high-fat, high-protein food and exercise little. Once this idle lifestyle becomes a habit, it is hard to correct. Some patients even, after developing colorectal cancer, remain too lazy to exercise and crave high-fat, high-protein food. Some family members, eager to nourish the patient, give too much high-fat, high-protein food—all of which is detrimental to recovery.

TCM treatment of colorectal cancer is mainly based on pattern differentiation and on specific herbs for the specific disease. Modern patients have usually undergone surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which change their constitution; treatment must be adapted to the patient's specific situation, with no fixed formula. Below, treatment approaches are introduced according to the patient's general patterns.

I. Spleen-deficiency damp-heat type colorectal cancer

Such patients mainly present with poor appetite, abdominal distension, sallow complexion, shortness of breath and fatigue, loose stool or tenesmus; yellow greasy tongue coating; slippery rapid or deep fine slippery pulse. The treatment principle is to fortify the spleen and move qi, clear heat and drain dampness.

Formula: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Houpo (Magnoliae Cortex), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chuanlianzi (Toosendan Fructus) each 10 g; raw Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) 15 g; Baiying (Solanii Lyrati Herba), Longkui (Solanii Nigri Herba), Tengligen (Actinidiae Argutae Radix), Baijiangcao (Patriniae Herba) each 20 g; Baitouweng (Pulsatillae Radix), Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizoma) each 15 g. For severe loose stool and diarrhea, increase Huangbai, Cangzhu, Baizhu, Yiyiren, Fuling, and add Hezi (Chebulae Fructus), Yingsuqiao (Papaveris Pericarpium), Zhuling (Polyporus). For severe tenesmus, add Baishao (Paeoniae Alba Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix). For shortness of breath and spontaneous sweating, add raw Huangqi, Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix), and the like.

Formula explanation: This formula comes from Yu Rencun's Zhongxiyijiehe Zhongliuxue (Integrated TCM-Western Oncology). Cangzhu, Baizhu, Fuling, Houpo, and Yiyiren are commonly used spleen-fortifying herbs. Huanglian, Huangbai, and Baitouweng are broad-spectrum antibacterial herbs; modern pharmacology shows they have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, especially on intestinal inflammation. Berberine and compound berberine are common antidiarrheal drugs. Yiyiren combined with Baijiangcao is a classic pair for intestinal disease. Chuanlianzi combined with Yanhusuo is called Jinlingzi San (Melia Powder), a famous formula for pain from gastric and duodenal ulcers. This formula is rigorously composed and effectively relieves the range of symptoms caused by intestinal cancer.

II. Damp-heat accumulation type colorectal cancer

Formula: Baitouweng 10 g; Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex) 10 g; fried Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) 15 g; Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix) 6 g; Yadanzi (Bruceae Fructus) 1 g; Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) 20 g; Baishao 20 g; Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 15 g; Dahuang (Rhei Radix) 6 g; Huanglian 6 g; Huaijiao (Sophorae Fructus) 15 g; Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus) 10 g; Danggui 10 g; Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 10 g; Huaihua (Sophorae Flos) 15 g; raw Yiyiren 30 g; Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) 10 g; Guang Muxiang 10 g; Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) 5 g; Binglang (Arecae Semen) 6 g; Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 10 g.

Formula explanation: This is a modification of Zhang Xichun's Tongbian Baitouweng Tang (a famous variant of the classic Baitouweng Tang, from Zhang Xichun's Yixue Zhongzhong Canxi Lu) combined with Shaoyao Tang (from Liu Wansu's Suwen Bingji Qi Yi Baoming Ji). In the formula, Baitouweng, Qinpi, fried Diyu, Huangqin, Huanglian, Kushen, and Huaihua clear and transform damp-heat, clear the intestine and stop dysentery, and remove stagnation. Danggui and Baishao remove blood bi and moderate the center and disperse evil blood; Gancao harmonizes the center and moderates urgency, reinforcing Danggui and Baishao. Binglang, Zhiqiao, and Muxiang move qi and disperse accumulation; Rougui warms the center and moves qi. Yadanzi cools blood, stops bleeding, resolves stasis, and engenders new blood; it is now used in treating various digestive-tract tumors—note that the internal dose should not exceed 2 g. Sanqi activates blood and resolves stasis, stops bleeding and pain; it should be ground into powder and taken in divided doses. Shanyao fortifies the spleen and stops diarrhea; Fangfeng dispels wind, disperses cold, and drains dampness to stop pain. Together, these herbs clear heat and resolve toxin, move qi and resolve stasis. They are very suitable for intestinal cancer patients with toxic heat congestion and tenesmus.

For abdominal pain and distension, loose stool, and thin white tongue coating, switch to modified Shenling Baizhu San. For an enlarging mass causing pressure pain, choose hardness-softening and pain-relieving herbs such as Xiakucao (Prunellae Spica) 15 g, Haigeqiao (Meretricis/Cyclinae Concha) 15 g, raw Muli 15 g, Tubiemu (Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma) 15 g, Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma) 15 g, Liujinu (Artemisiae Anomalae Herba) 10 g; or add Yanhusuo 10 g, Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum) 10 g, Chuanlianzi 10 g, Huajiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) 10 g, Xixin (Asari Radix) 3 g, Bibo (Piperis Longi Fructus) 5 g.

In addition, colorectal cancer patients may consider external sitz-washing herbs, or use the following formula by enema: the drug is directly infused into the patient's intestine with an enema device, bypassing the stomach and acting directly on the large intestine.

Kushen 30 g, Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis) 30 g, Kufan (alum) 20 g, Baijiangcao 30 g, Huangbai 15 g, Baixianpi (Dictamni Cortex) 15 g, Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus) 15 g. Decoct in water, place in a large basin, and have the patient sit in it for half an hour each time, 1–2 times daily; or infuse through the anus twice daily.

The author once saw, from a patient's family member, the prescription used by the late physician Kong Sibo for an intestinal-cancer patient. The doses were light and the herbs simple, basically based on Wuwei Xiaoyin Du (Five-Ingredient Toxin-Dispersing Drink) with moderate variation; the number of herbs rarely exceeded 12, and doses were mostly 6–12 g. This patient, without any Western treatment, surprisingly survived six years, finally dying at 79 due to tumor progression combined with old age and frailty.

The basic prescription was roughly: Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Flos) 15 g, Ye Juhua (Dendranthematis Indici Flos) 6 g, Pugongying (Taraxaci Herba) 6 g, Zihu Diding (Violae Herba) 6 g, Zibeitiankui (Semiquilegiae Herba) 6 g, Machixian (Portulacae Herba) 12 g, Baijiangcao 6 g. This approach is also worth colorectal cancer patients learning from.

III. Cold-damp congelation type colorectal cancer

Many TCM scholars believe colorectal cancer is mostly a cold pattern, so pattern differentiation tends toward cold-damp congelation. Treatment of such patients is mainly based on Lizhong Wan (Middle-Regulating Pill); some cold-pattern patients also respond to moxibustion. The author previously republished an article 'Exploring the Treatment of Cancer with Purulent Moxibustion', about a daughter of an intestinal-cancer patient who treated her father with moxibustion; readers may refer to that article.

The basic symptoms of cold-damp congelation are: pale complexion, emaciation, lying curled and reluctant to speak, cold limbs, sore weak lumbar and knees, abdominal pain relieved by warmth, chronic diarrhea and dysentery, filthy anus, frequent fecal incontinence, pre-dawn (five-watch) diarrhea; thin white tongue coating, pale dark tongue with teeth marks, fine weak pulse. Treatment should follow the principle of warming and tonifying spleen and kidney, draining dampness and turbidity, combined with moxibustion to warm and supplement yang—very helpful as an adjunct.

Formula: Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix) 15 g; Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) 3 g; Baizhu 10 g; Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) 10 g; Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) 10 g; Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) 10 g; Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus) 20 g; Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 15 pieces; raw Huangqi 30 g; Yiyiren 30 g; Yadanzi 1 g; Fangfeng 10 g; Shanyao 20 g; Hezi rou 10 g; Cangzhu 10 g; Jiao Shanzha (fried Crataegi Fructus), Jiao Binglang each 15 g. For tenesmus, add Muxiang 10 g, Shu Dahuang (prepared Rhei Radix) 10 g, Shiliupi (Granati Pericarpium) 10 g. For incessant diarrhea, add Cheqiancao (Plantaginis Herba) 15 g, Zhuling 30 g, Qumai (Dianthi Herba) 10 g, Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) 15 g, fried Wumei (Mume Fructus) 10 g, Shiliupi 10 g, Hezi rou 15 g.

In addition, this type of colorectal cancer mostly belongs to a yin pattern; readers may refer to the site's Yanghe Tang (Yang-Harmonizing Decoction) series of articles, and modify and adapt Yanghe Tang as the basis of treatment.

IV. Liver-kidney yin deficiency type colorectal cancer

The main symptoms of this type are: hot sensation in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest), dizziness and blurred vision, bitter mouth and dry throat, sore weak lumbar and legs, constipation with blood in stool; thin coating, red or bare red tongue without coating; fine wiry pulse. Treatment focuses on nourishing and tonifying liver and kidney, enriching yin and clearing heat; Yiguan Jian (Linking Decoction) and Huaijiao Wan may be considered with modification.

Shashen (Glehniae/Adenophorae Radix) 15 g; Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) 15 g; Danggui 10 g; Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) 30 g; Shudi (prepared Rehmanniae Radix) 15 g; Sharen (Amomi Fructus, added later) 6 g; Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus) 30 g; Chuanlianzi 10 g; Huaijiao 15 g; Diyu 10 g; Zhiqiao 10 g; Danggui 10 g; Fangfeng 10 g; Huaihua 15 g; raw Yiyiren 30 g; Kushen 10 g; Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma) 15 g; Jinyinhua 30 g; Machixian 15 g; Baijiangcao 15 g. For irritability, easy anger, and dark urine, add Longdancao (Gentianae Radix) 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) 10 g.

Shashen, Maidong, Danggui, and Gouqizi nourish and tonify liver and kidney. Adding Sharen and raw Yiyiren aromatically moves qi and resolves turbidity, awakening the spleen and stimulating appetite, so that the tonifying herbs do not dry out and damage yin. Chuanlianzi soothes the liver and moves qi, helping liver qi flow freely. Huaijiao and Huaihua cool blood, clear the liver, and nourish the kidney, eliminate lower-jiao damp-heat, and dispel wind and treat sores. Baiji and Diyu astringe and stop bleeding; Kushen, Jinyinhua, Machixian, and Baijiangcao clear heat, resolve toxin, and stop dysentery. Together they nourish liver and kidney, enrich yin and clear heat, and anticancer-dissipate nodules.

V. Qi and blood dual deficiency type colorectal cancer

This type is generally seen in late-stage patients, or those whose original qi has been greatly damaged after repeated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Treatment must consider boosting qi and nourishing blood, supporting the spleen and kidney. A suitable formula is modified Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten-Ingredient Fully-Building Decoction).

Formula: raw Huangqi 30 g; Danggui 10 g; Baishao 15 g; Shudi 10 g; Taizishen 15 g; Baizhu 10 g; Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) 10 g; raw Yiyiren 30 g; Gancao 6 g; Rougui 6 g; Gouqizi 30 g; Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) 10 g; Jixueteng (Spatholobi Caulis) 15 g; Huaihua 15 g; Huaijiao 10 g. For cold body and cold limbs, cautiously add Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) 3 g, Xianlingpi (Epimedii Herba) 10 g.

Shiquan Dabu Tonifies the patient in all directions; such patients are often already in the terminal stage or have always had a weak constitution.

Among Chinese patent medicines, Pingxiao Pian and Xiaoaoping Pian also have an effect on intestinal cancer and other tumors and may be considered.

Colorectal cancer patients may also consider acupuncture. The commonly used points are: Zhongji (CV3), Guanyuan (CV4), Dachangshu (BL25), Dazhui (GV14), Pishu (BL20), Shenshu (BL23), Zusanli (ST36), Tianshu (ST25). Guanyuan and Dachangshu may be needled with the reducing method; Pishu and Shenshu with the reinforcing method. For deficiency, add Zusanli, Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Dazhui with reinforcing needling or moxa roll moxibustion.

Common effective single-herb and empirical prescriptions for colorectal cancer

1. Eat fresh kiwifruit raw, 0.5 kg daily, for several consecutive months; it can treat rectal cancer and anal-canal cancer.

2. Yadanzi emulsion, or shelled Yadanzi wrapped in longan flesh or capsules: 3 seeds per packet, 4 packets each time, 3 times daily.

3. Baihua Sheshecao (Oldenlandiae Herba), Xianmao (Curculinginis Rhizoma) each 120 g; decoct in water, one dose daily in 2 divided doses.

4. Kushen 15 g, Hongteng (Sargentodoxae Caulis) 30 g, Dazao 10 pieces; decoct in water, divide into 2 daily doses.

5. Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus) root ground into powder, mixed with Chixiaodou San (equal parts Danggui, Chixiaodou (Phaseoli Semen), Dahuang, Pugongying, finely ground) in a 7:3 ratio into fine powder; 6 g each time, twice daily, washed down with warm water.

Commonly used Chinese herbs for colorectal cancer:

Tonifying category: Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Dangshen, raw Huangqi, Heshouwu, Gouqizi, Nüzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus), Baizhu, Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps), Fuling, Yuzhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix).

Heat-clearing and toxin-resolving category: Baitouweng, Huanglian, Qinpi, Huangbai, Kushen, Baiying, Longkui, Shemei (Duchesnae Herba), Tu Fuling (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma), Baijiangcao, Yiyiren, Hongteng, Chungenpi (Ailanthi Cortex), Huaijiao, Banzhilian (Scutellariae Barbatae Herba), Pugongying, etc. Experimental research confirms that these herbs can inhibit cancer-cell growth.

Anticancer category: Tengligen, Longkui, Baiying, Zhongjiefeng (Sarcandrae Herba), Fengweicao (Pteridis Multifidae Herba), Ezhu, Baqia (Smilacis Chinensis Rhizoma), Ercha (Catechu), Dahuang, Dasuan (Allii Sativi Bulbus), Banzhilian, Chonglou (Paridis Rhizoma), etc.

Questions about colorectal cancer may be discussed below this post. If this article is helpful, please share it with your fellow colorectal-cancer patients or friends with chronic enteritis.