Physiology ⁽⁴⁾

The circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood vessels, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels, is the most important organ system of our body. Over long evolution, it has developed not only a fully functional structure but also powerful self-regulatory mechanisms, so that as the environment changes…

In a healthy person the heart beats without ceasing. Its contraction and relaxation allow all tissues of the body to take up oxygen and nutrients from the blood and to release carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes into it. If the heart fails, not only our…

To understand thoroughly how human blood circulates, we need three concepts: systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation. All are closely related to a small but vital organ in our body—the heart. The heart is a fist-sized muscular pump located in the middle mediastinum between…

Overview of physiology Anatomy studies the structure of the human body; physiology studies its function. What medical students study is human physiology, usually shortened to physiology. Taking the human body as its object, it mainly studies the basic laws of the various life phenomena manifested…